Friday, December 27, 2013
Process formation of RGB signal on TV
Basically the UOC is equipped with RGB or YUV input from external, so it is possible to use the DVD input. Selection of these inputs can be done internally within the IC. But in the G7 and G7A chassis input YUV signal is not used, so in the ground.
RGB signal processing flow is described according to the image below :
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| Diagram of the formation RGB signal |
1. Signal Yint, uint, and Vint is derived from a series of color decoder and Y / C switch is fed into a series of YUV selector 1.
2. From YUV selector, sub-carrier signal color (U and V) is inserted into the chain matrix. In this matrix series component sub-carrier signal BY of the color (U signal) and BY component of sub-carrier signal color (V signal) in separate. Here the color difference signal in the form of the color sub carrier. GY signal generated by a combination of color difference signals RY and BY.
3. From YUV selector, luminan signal is passed to a series of black stretch. The working principle is to sharpen the series of black stretch black levels. Gray color in a certain percentage in drag to a black color so the color is sharper.
4. Three color difference signals (RY), (BY) (GY) and luminan signal (Y) are mixed and processed in RGB adder circuit to produce three primary colors red, green and blue (RGB).
5. RGBOSD formed in the UOC IC is used to display the OSD text. The selection and arrangement RGBOSD kontrast between RGB and composite signals is done by way of a switch by the internal microprocessor.
6. Three output video signal (RGB signal) is assumed as the current that flows to the CRT cathode. Drive level coming into the cathode tube is always diadjust by CCC loop (Continues Cathode Calibration) and feedback currents in pass to Black Current Input pin 50.
7. CCC loop works as a stabilizer against the black level and drive the cathode in a loop (continuous) to the RGB signal in order to obtain the proper offset and gain.
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| CCC Loop Application |
Unique amplifier circuit schmeatic based on IC TDA7255
This circuit equipped with 2 switches that are useful for loudness and filtering, on SW1 as the loudness , SW2 as a filter. It also equipped with direct adjust of sound on Potentiometer 10k , but only useful as a master volume.
Minimum Voltage : 8 volts
Maximum Voltage : 18 volts
Maximum Power : 2 X 13 Watt stereo
Impedance Power : 4 Ohms
Binary Coded Decimal BCD Clock
The clock circuit above uses seven ICs and 19 LEDs to indicate binary coded decimal time. The LEDs can be arranged (as shown in example above) so that each horizontal group of 3 or 4 LEDs represents a decimal digit between 0 and 9 and each individual LED represents a single bit or (binary digit) of the value. Binary digits have only two values (0 and 1) so a number written in binary would be something like 1001 or 0011, which represents decimal numbers 9 and 3 respectively. From right to left, each binary (1) represents increasing powers of 2, so that a 1 in the right hand place represents 2^0=1 and the next place to the left is 2^1=2 and then 2^2=4, and so forth.
This makes binary counting fairly easy since each digit has a value of twice the one before or 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,etc. Thus the decimal value can be found by simply adding the values of each illuminated LED in the same row, (the total is shown in the box to the right). For example, the binary number 1001 would have a decimal value of 8+0+0+1 = 9. But this is actually a binary coded decimal 9 since only values from 0 to 9 are used 0000 to 1001. A true binary clock indicating minutes of the hour would display values from 0 to 59, or 000000 to 111011. But this would be more difficult to read since adding values 32 + 16 + 8 + 2 + 1 = 59 is not as easy as 8 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 9.
Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) Clock Circuit diagram
The circuit is powered by a small 12.6 VAC transformer which also provides a low voltage 60 Hz signal for a very accurate time base. The transformer is connected with the secondary center tap at ground which produces about 8 volts DC across the 3300uF filter capacitor. DC power for the circuit is regulated at about 5.5 using a NPN transistor (2N3053) and 6.2 volt zener diode. The 2N3053 gets a little warm when several LEDs are on, and may require a little (top hat type) heat sink.
A one second clock pulse is obtained by counting 60 cycles of the AC line signal. This is accomplished using a CMOS CD4040 12 stage binary counter (shown in light blue). The 60th count is detected by the two NAND gates connected to pins 2,3,5,and 6 of the counter. When all four of these lines are high, the count will be 60 resulting in a high level at pin 4 of the 74HC14 which resets the counter to zero and advances the seconds counter (74HC390 shown in purple) when pin 4 returns to a low state.
The same process is used to detect 60 seconds and 60 minutes to reset the counters and advance the minutes and hours counters respectively. In both of these cases the 2 and 4 bit lines of the tens counter section will be high (20+40=60). In all three cases (seconds, minutes and hours) a combination 10K resistor and 0.1uF capacitor is used at the input to the 74HC14 inverter to extend the pulse width to about 300uS so the counters will reliably reset. Without the RC parts, the reset pulse may not be long enough to reset all stages of the counter since as soon as the first bit resets, the inputs to the NAND gate will no longer all be high and the reset pulse will end. Adding the RC parts eliminates that possibility.
The reset process for the hours is a little different since for a 12 hour clock we need to reset the hours counter on the 13th count and then advance the counter one count so the display will indicate one ("1"). The 74HC00 quad NAND gate only has 4 sections with two inputs each so I used 3 diodes to detect the 13th hour (10 +1 +2 =13) which drives an inverter and also a transistor inverter (2N3904 or similar). The last 74HC14 inverter stage (pin 12 and 13) supplies a falling edge to the hours counter which advances the hours to "1" a short time after the reset pulse from the transistor inverter ends.
The pulse width from pin 12 of the inverter is a little shorter than from pin 10 which ensures that the hours clock line (pin 1 of yellow box) will move high before the end of the reset pulse form pin 10. If it were the other way around, the reset pulse may end before pin 12 of the inverter had a chance to reach a high level which would prevent the counter from advancing to "1". So it is important to use a shorter RC time at pin 13 than for the other Schmitt Trigger inputs. I used a 10K resistor and a 0.01uF cap to obtain the shorter time, but other values will work just as well. Only 2 sections of the 4071 OR gate are used, so the remaining 4 inputs (pins 8,9,12,13) should be terminated to ground if not used.
Copied Files Notice: This circuit diagram and text description has been copied and reposted without permission at: http://www.csgnetwork.com/binclockschnpl.html. The copied file has also been altered to remove the authors name and date of creation which is a clear violation of copyright law. They have also copied and modified three Java Script Calculators from this website. I have e-mailed a request to have the calculators removed and received no answer. I have also contacted the web host at Verio.net and received an autoresponse that the matter will be investigated but I doubt any action will occur. Please feel free to e-mail your opinions of plagiarism to webmaster@csgnetworks.com
Parts List:
3 - 74HC390 - Dual BCD counters
1 - CD4040 - 12 Stage Binary Counter
1 - 74HC14 - Hex Schmitt Trigger Inverter
1 - 74HC00 - Quad NAND gate
1 - CD4071 - Quad OR gate
1 - 2N3053 - NPN transistor (may need heat sink)
1 - 2N3904 - NPN transistor
3 - 1N914 - Signal diode (1N400X will also work)
2 - 1N400X - Rectifier diodes
1 - 6.2 volt - Zener diode
1 - 3300uF - Filter Capacitor - 16 volt
1 - Power Transformer - Radio Shack 273-1365A or similar
1 - 220K 1/4 or 1/8 watt resistor
1 - 150 ohm 1/4 watt resistor
19 - 220 ohm 1/4 or 1/8 watt resistors
11 - 10K 1/4 or 1/8 watt resistors
2 - 0.01uF capacitors
4 - 0.1uF capacitors
19 - Red LEDs (15 mA)
2 - Momentary push button switches (to set the time)
1 - Toggle switch (to start the clock at a precise time)
This makes binary counting fairly easy since each digit has a value of twice the one before or 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,etc. Thus the decimal value can be found by simply adding the values of each illuminated LED in the same row, (the total is shown in the box to the right). For example, the binary number 1001 would have a decimal value of 8+0+0+1 = 9. But this is actually a binary coded decimal 9 since only values from 0 to 9 are used 0000 to 1001. A true binary clock indicating minutes of the hour would display values from 0 to 59, or 000000 to 111011. But this would be more difficult to read since adding values 32 + 16 + 8 + 2 + 1 = 59 is not as easy as 8 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 9.
Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) Clock Circuit diagram
A one second clock pulse is obtained by counting 60 cycles of the AC line signal. This is accomplished using a CMOS CD4040 12 stage binary counter (shown in light blue). The 60th count is detected by the two NAND gates connected to pins 2,3,5,and 6 of the counter. When all four of these lines are high, the count will be 60 resulting in a high level at pin 4 of the 74HC14 which resets the counter to zero and advances the seconds counter (74HC390 shown in purple) when pin 4 returns to a low state.
The same process is used to detect 60 seconds and 60 minutes to reset the counters and advance the minutes and hours counters respectively. In both of these cases the 2 and 4 bit lines of the tens counter section will be high (20+40=60). In all three cases (seconds, minutes and hours) a combination 10K resistor and 0.1uF capacitor is used at the input to the 74HC14 inverter to extend the pulse width to about 300uS so the counters will reliably reset. Without the RC parts, the reset pulse may not be long enough to reset all stages of the counter since as soon as the first bit resets, the inputs to the NAND gate will no longer all be high and the reset pulse will end. Adding the RC parts eliminates that possibility.
The reset process for the hours is a little different since for a 12 hour clock we need to reset the hours counter on the 13th count and then advance the counter one count so the display will indicate one ("1"). The 74HC00 quad NAND gate only has 4 sections with two inputs each so I used 3 diodes to detect the 13th hour (10 +1 +2 =13) which drives an inverter and also a transistor inverter (2N3904 or similar). The last 74HC14 inverter stage (pin 12 and 13) supplies a falling edge to the hours counter which advances the hours to "1" a short time after the reset pulse from the transistor inverter ends.
The pulse width from pin 12 of the inverter is a little shorter than from pin 10 which ensures that the hours clock line (pin 1 of yellow box) will move high before the end of the reset pulse form pin 10. If it were the other way around, the reset pulse may end before pin 12 of the inverter had a chance to reach a high level which would prevent the counter from advancing to "1". So it is important to use a shorter RC time at pin 13 than for the other Schmitt Trigger inputs. I used a 10K resistor and a 0.01uF cap to obtain the shorter time, but other values will work just as well. Only 2 sections of the 4071 OR gate are used, so the remaining 4 inputs (pins 8,9,12,13) should be terminated to ground if not used.
Copied Files Notice: This circuit diagram and text description has been copied and reposted without permission at: http://www.csgnetwork.com/binclockschnpl.html. The copied file has also been altered to remove the authors name and date of creation which is a clear violation of copyright law. They have also copied and modified three Java Script Calculators from this website. I have e-mailed a request to have the calculators removed and received no answer. I have also contacted the web host at Verio.net and received an autoresponse that the matter will be investigated but I doubt any action will occur. Please feel free to e-mail your opinions of plagiarism to webmaster@csgnetworks.com
Parts List:
3 - 74HC390 - Dual BCD counters
1 - CD4040 - 12 Stage Binary Counter
1 - 74HC14 - Hex Schmitt Trigger Inverter
1 - 74HC00 - Quad NAND gate
1 - CD4071 - Quad OR gate
1 - 2N3053 - NPN transistor (may need heat sink)
1 - 2N3904 - NPN transistor
3 - 1N914 - Signal diode (1N400X will also work)
2 - 1N400X - Rectifier diodes
1 - 6.2 volt - Zener diode
1 - 3300uF - Filter Capacitor - 16 volt
1 - Power Transformer - Radio Shack 273-1365A or similar
1 - 220K 1/4 or 1/8 watt resistor
1 - 150 ohm 1/4 watt resistor
19 - 220 ohm 1/4 or 1/8 watt resistors
11 - 10K 1/4 or 1/8 watt resistors
2 - 0.01uF capacitors
4 - 0.1uF capacitors
19 - Red LEDs (15 mA)
2 - Momentary push button switches (to set the time)
1 - Toggle switch (to start the clock at a precise time)
Class B power amplifier
Excessive heat to be problematic in the amplifier Class A. Then be made to class B amplifier with a point Q is shifted to point B. Point B is a point on the line load ,where this point intersects the line current Ib = 0. Because of the location of point Such, then the transistor works only active in one part wave phase only.
Therefore class B amplifier is always made with 2 of the transistor Q1 (NPN) and Q2 (PNP).
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Point Q amplifier A, AB and B |
Since both these transistors work alternately, then the amplifier class B is often named as Push-Pull amplifier. If the signal a sine wave, then transistor Q1 is active in 50% of cycles The first (positive phase 0o-180o) and The next turn on transistor Q2 50% in the next cycle (phase negative 180o - 360o). Class B amplifier more efficient than the class A, because if there is no input signal (vin = 0 volts) then the bias current also Ib = 0 and practically made a second trasistor is turned OFF.
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| Series Class B Power Amplifier |
Class B amplifier efficiency approximately by 75%. But that does not mean the problem is over, because the transistor have to-not-an ideal. In in fact there kirakira VBE voltage clamp of 0.7 volts which causes transistor is in OFF state although the flow has a larger Ib some mA from 0. This is what led to the emergence of crossover problems active transition at the time of the transistor Q1 to the transistor Q2 turns become active.
Making PC USB LCD controller project
This really a work that so cool if you like modif PC. So this is a USB interface for alphanumeric LCD display like 4 × 20 which can be controlled with LCD Smartie program. USB interface is implemented by using PIC18F2550 microcontroller, Using USB LCD modules. Below is a project of the USB LCD controller.Schematic circuit and PCB design
source | link
Thursday, December 26, 2013
600 Watt Quasi Amplifier With Mosfet IRFP460
ACTK 400/600 Watt
Two versions of a robust module capable of delivering high powwer for extended periods. The Actrk400 uses 6 n-channel Mosfets in the output stage to deliver around 400 watts into 4 ohms while the Actrk600 uses 12 n-channel Mosfets in the output stage to deliver power in excess of 600 watts into 4 ohms. One constructor has achieved almost 900 watts with the Actrk600 layout using 12 IRFP460 Mosfets.
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| 600 Watt Quasi Amplifier With Mosfet IRFP460 |
6 12 Volt Adjustable Power Supply Circuit
Power Supply has an adjustable output with a range of 6-12 VDC. The part that serves as a power regulator is Q1 TIP31. Then the controller output voltage is a voltage divider composed of R3, R4, VR1 and R2 provide bias to the base of Q2 to Q1 mengentrol power regulator. In a series of power supply is mounted 5.1 V zener diode which serves to make the minimum limit the output voltage with Q2.
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| Adjustable Power Supply with transistor circuit |
Power Supply With transistor circuit is quite simple and can be made with the PCB holes, so for those who want to try to directly mempraktikannya. May the power supply circuit can be useful for readers, especially for friends who need a power supply circuit with the regulator transistor.
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